Reading
Look for a verb
In a calling scene someone summons and someone responds. In the election of Matthias the group proposes candidates and casts lots. In an evangelist portrait the figure writes or displays a book. Give each composition a verb before deciding whether the title names a person or an event.
Test the chronology
Judas Iscariot appears in Matthew’s list and in Last Supper narratives. Matthias enters the apostolic group after the Ascension. Paul calls himself an apostle elsewhere in the New Testament. His title describes his mission and does not place him at the supper.
Key takeaway
Apostolic, narrative and evangelist portraits answer different questions about the sitter.
Visual study
A beam of light crosses the room above the table. Follow the hand extended towards the seated men.
Caravaggio · Contarelli Chapel, San Luigi dei Francesi, RomeThe seated Matthew and his winged human companion occupy the miniature inside its decorated border.
Master of the Housebook · Cleveland Museum of ArtFurther works on this theme
Terms at a glance
Apostle
Someone sent on a mission. The New Testament applies the term beyond the group of the Twelve.
Disciple
A follower or pupil. The Twelve are disciples within a wider group of followers.
Evangelist
One of the four figures to whom the Gospels are traditionally attributed. Matthew’s symbol is a winged human figure.
Martyr
A person who dies for the faith. A traditional instrument of martyrdom can appear in a portrait of the living saint.